ABSTRACT
Introduction: The height estimation is as important as other parameters like age, sex and race especially inmedico-legal cases. The environmental and genetic factors influence the development of various parts of body.Although bilateral symmetry is a feature seen in humans, there is asymmetry in the foot length without gender orhandedness bias.Aim: To study the relationship of human height with foot length and to derive a mathematical module to predictthe height from foot length.Materials and Methods: This is a Cross-sectional study carried out in Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore in234 individuals aged between 18 and 25 years of age. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficientand linear regression were employed for the Statistical analysis of the dataResults: The overall mean foot length observed was 22.82 ±1.10 cms. There was significant difference in the meanvalues between right and left foot length which was statistically significant (P value = <0.001). The height showeda statistically significant positive correlation with left foot length in both males and females. Linear regressionequation was derived to predict height from foot length in both males and females.Conclusion: In the present study, there was a statistically significant difference in right and left side mean footlength measurements in both sexes. A positive correlation was observed between height and foot length and leftfoot length had better correlation with height in both sexes. It was concluded from further analysis that otherparameters need to be considered for better predictability of height.
ABSTRACT
During the routine dissection of abdomen, two adult male cadavers, aged 55 & 67years, presented with unilateral and the bilateral undescended testes respectively. One of them presented with unilateral and the other with bilateral undescended testes. In both cases the testes were found at the superficial inguinal ring. The histological examinations indicated normal testicular tissue. Undescended testis is the inability of the testis to reach the scrotum. In living, it has to be differentiated from testicular agenesis, ectopic testis and retractile testis. The genetic sex of the male is determined at the time of fertilization but the phenotypical sex starts as early as 4th month of intrauterine life and completed along with the descent just before birth. The embryological basis and clinical significance has been explained.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Styloid process is a part of temporal bone. It measures 2 to 3 cms in length and lies antero-medial to the mastoid process. An elongated styloid process can compress the vital vessels and nerves close to it. This can lead to pain, foreign body sensation in the pharyngeal region and can also cause dysphagia. Observation: During routine dissection, we encountered elongated styloid process in two cadavers. In one it was unilateral and in another it was bilateral. The measurements of the elongated styloid process were taken using digital Vernier slide calipers. Conclusion: The awareness of the embryological cause and the clinical implications of an elongated styloid process are important for accurate diagnosis and treatment